Legal Battles Emerge from Netflix’s “Based on a True Story”

The phrase “Based on a true story” often captivates viewers, setting the stage for compelling tales of triumph, tragedy, and intrigue. However, the transition from reality to screen can lead to significant legal challenges for content creators, as seen with Netflix’s various series. Recent lawsuits highlight the fine line between fact and fiction and the potential consequences of blurring these boundaries.

Baby Reindeer: The Fiona Harvey Case

The case of Fiona Harvey, who claims to be the real-life inspiration for a character in Richard Gadd’s Netflix series “Baby Reindeer,” underscores the intricate legalities involved. David Rolph, a professor at the University of Sydney Law School, emphasizes the challenges of ‘self-identification’ and the influence of internet detectives. Harvey is seeking $225 million in damages, alleging harassment due to her portrayal as Martha. Rolph poses a critical question: “If you self-identify as the story’s inspiration, can you actually blame the other person for the damage to your reputation?” Netflix, in a statement to ABC News, has vowed to “defend this matter vigorously.”

Inventing Anna: Rachel Williams’ Defamation Claim

Rachel DeLoache Williams, a former Vanity Fair staffer, sued Netflix over her portrayal in “Inventing Anna,” where she was depicted as “unethical” and “greedy.” Her attorney, Alexander Rufus-Isaacs, argued that using Williams’ real name without factual accuracy was misleading. “If they [creatives] want to make an unpleasant character, they can’t use a real person’s name unless everything they say is absolutely gospel,” he stated on the Law&Crime Network Podcast. Professor Rolph adds that while artistic license is necessary, varying expectations of truth can lead to significant issues for content creators and those depicted.

When They See Us: Linda Fairstein’s Lawsuit

The Netflix miniseries “When They See Us” faced legal scrutiny over its portrayal of former Manhattan prosecutor Linda Fairstein, who was depicted as a “racist, unethical villain.” Director Ava DuVernay defended her portrayal, stating, “I believe that Linda Fairstein was responsible for the investigation and prosecution of the Central Park Jogger case that resulted in the wrongful conviction of five innocent Black and Brown boys.” The case settled out of court, with Netflix donating $1 million to a social justice organization, and Fairstein receiving no financial compensation.

Queen’s Gambit: Nona Gaprindashvili’s Case

Even fictional series can face legal troubles. Georgian chess master Nona Gaprindashvili sued Netflix over a line in “The Queen’s Gambit” that falsely claimed she “never faced men.” Gaprindashvili, the first woman to be named a chess grandmaster, argued that this statement was “grossly sexist and belittling.” Although Netflix initially stated that the case “has no merit,” they later agreed to a settlement. Professor Rolph highlights that stories based on truth will always raise ethical and legal questions, regardless of whether they are labeled as accurate.

The allure of true stories continues to drive the success of streaming content, but it also brings complex legal challenges. As viewers consume these narratives, the ethical and legal implications for those depicted remain significant. The delicate balance between storytelling and factual representation will persist, prompting ongoing debate and legal scrutiny.